Melatonin and Serotonin: Their Synthesis and Effects in Insects

Melatonin and serotonin are endogenous neurotransmitters hormones produced by tryptophan metabolism. present in the heads, eyes, optic lobes, brains of various invertebrates. Insects produce melatonin via same pathways that vertebrates do. They pleiotropic signaling chemicals regulate a wide range physiological processes protect against disease environmental factors species. In insects, they function as neurotransmitters, hormones, bioregulators, controlling endocrines, behavioral, immunological, developmental, defensive activities, well biological cycles.